The genesis of the nigerian civil war and the theory of fear. Civil unrest, insurgences and the challenges of community. Oguejiofo ezeanya in the book, nigerian peoples and cultures, include colonial precedence. Nigeria niger equitorial guinea ghana congo cameroon central african republic burkina faso benin ekiti kogi sokoto niger kwara adamawa imo benue bauchi lagos ogun oyo delta edo kaduna taraba nassarawa. The united states can best ensure a positive longterm relationship with nigeria by clearly sig. Jan 08, 2020 how to avoid danger during civil unrest. Nigeria has experienced vast changes, evolving from a collection of ancient kingdoms to a. What civil procedure does is that one must know how to present his case no matter how good the case seems, that is, knowing. Nigerias presidential election conducted on 16 april 2011 turned violent as a result of the results that started coming out on 17 april, 2011. Doc religious unrest in nigeria ediomo eddybrendan. Stop all attempts to divide and coopt armed militants by offering contracts and appointments to leaders and instead encourage them to create and articulate a common and realistic political agenda. The types of unrest observed in nigeria from literature consulted can be categorized into five namely. The crisis displaced over 37,000 persons and caused many deaths as well as destruction of property. Collective bargaining dynamics in the nigerian public and private sectors anyim c.
Benins unrest reflects a broader worrying trend in west. This article examines youths willingness to participate in three different forms of unrest peaceful protests, lowlevel violence and oilrelated crime, and militarized struggle in the oilrich delta region of nigeria, focusing among other factors on the role of schooling, educational attainments, earnings, and unemployment, and using data from over 1,300 respondents. This article examines youths willingness to participate in three different forms of unrest peaceful protests, lowlevel violence and oilrelated crime, and militarized struggle in the oilrich delta region of nigeria, focusing among other factors on the role of schooling, educational attainments, earnings, and unemployment, and using data. Up to the early 1980s, nigerias economy enjoyed the presence of. Beyond the literal boko haram emmanuel osewe akubor abstract since independence with specific reference to the 1980s, many parts of northern nigeria have. Social, religious, and ethnic unrest, and a lack of effective due process. Unrest in nigeria, others deplete chevrons revenue. Origins of the war nigeria, a nation roughly the size of texas on africas west coast, has a larger population than any other african nation, and is home to over twohundred and fifty different ethnic groups.
Kollie africa is steadily sinking into a bottomless ditch of violence and civil unrest as a result of rising youth unemployment across the. Nigeria the federal republic of nigeria comprises thirty six states and its federal capital territory is abuja. This article on what caused the nigerian civil war will also proffer suggestions on how to prevent a repeat version of the war in nigeria. Africa has a history of political and civil unrest dating back to the late 19th century and the start of the colonial occupation of african nations.
Nearly 40% of countries will face civil unrest in 2020. The study relied much on primary sources especially government publications. To read about the background to these events, see history of nigeria. With the return to civilian rule in 1999, militants from religious and ethnic groups have become markedly more violent.
Nigeria unrest worse than 1960s civil war president goodluck jonathan says there are boko haram sympathisers in government, judiciary and armed forces. Linkages with civil society are crucial, since nigerias vigorous domain of nongovernmental organizations ngos and its substantial professional middle class are potential forces for better governance and economic performance. Nigeria is currently experiencing a surge in ethnic animosity fuelled by the sectarian violence, which the central government has been. Of the 25 most populous countries ranked in the index, nigeria is among those with a very high degree of social hostilities sh and a high level of government restrictions gr. Nigeria emerged from a prolonged period of military dictatorship in 1999. Introduction nigeria has, in recent years, earned the reputation of being a country with an alarming record of religiouslyrelated violence. Limit movements do not leave your home unless you absolutely have to. Violent protests were recorded mostly in the northern part of nigeria where.
Conflicts in nigeria, guineabissau, sierra leone, liberia, cote divoire and other west african countries notably hinge upon bad governance and corruption. Conflict between farmers and cattle herders displaced hundreds as central state faces severe food shortages and rising violence. Mar 10, 2016 however, the phenomenon has also triggered a debate among analysts and commentators about the question of whether the nigerian situation is actually persecution, or just civil unrest. Nigeria has one of the highest rates of internal violence in the world, only unlike others with similar levels of bloodshed such as colombia or chechnya, there is not a civil war going on. Fractious political scene, uncertainty over the health of president muhammadu buhari, violent unrest and severe economic difficulties will remain sources of instability in nigeria in the next five. Conflict and violence in the 21st century current trends as observed in empirical research and statistics mr. With several coups, general strikes and a civil war, nigerians have had to experience some of the most sordid tragedies arising from difference of opinions and distrust. Nigeria has not been without its fair share of conflict. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Posted by eaglewatchblog on march 27, 2017 march 28, 2017 civil unrest means any public disturbance involving acts of violence by the assembling of three or more persons, which cause an immediate danger or results in damage or injury to the property or person of any other individual. Abductions, suicide bombings, and attacks on civilian targets by boko haram persisted. The dysfunctional state of nigeria center for global.
Beyond the literal boko haram emmanuel osewe akubor abstract since. Civil unrest, community displacement, internally displacement persons. Conflict, instability, and resilience in nigeria rapid. Verisk maplecroft, a socioeconomic and political analysis company, said in its index of global civil unrest that 47 of the worlds 195 countries were affected and that the number could hit 75. Nigeria unrest worse than 1960s civil war cameroon news. Like the rest of africa, the west africa subregion is neither immune to the poverty canker nor ignorant of its impact on their fragile peace and stability. May 08, 2019 there are just two countries in the region that lack such limits. Following decades of misrule, nigerias transportation, communications, health and power public services are a mess. The diverse scope and scale of conflict events in nigeria allows us to. Global civil unrest and violence in quarter of countries. Its coast in the south lies on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean. Besides, polls in nigeria also come with civil unrest.
D department of industrial relations and personnel management, faculty of business administration, university of lagos, nigeria. Brown, us department of state csc 1999 preface there is a wide array of information available on the performance of the economic community of west african states ecowas and. This paper seeks to show that there are both insidious and elevated forms of persecution against christians in northern nigeria. The region has seen decades of unrest stemming mostly from local militants uprisings over what they call neglect of the moneymaking region. However, there are many muslims in the south and a large population of christians in the north. Chf 246,829 has been allocated from the federations disaster. However, the phenomenon has also triggered a debate among analysts and commentators about the question of whether the nigerian situation is actually persecution, or just civil unrest. Nigeria niger equitorial guinea ghana congo cameroon central african republic burkina faso.
The genesis of the nigerian civil war and the theory of fear author. Nigeria unrest worse than 1960s civil war cameroon. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Global civil unrest and violence in quarter of countries in. Oil, youths, and civil unrest in nigerias delta sage journals. Political instability and corruption edit nigeria s large population and historic ethnic instability has led to the adoption of a federal government. Breaking up nigeria is not the answer to its civil unrest.
The other is togo, where the same family has ruled since 1967 and resisted any term limits despite periodic bouts of civil unrest over the matter. Because security has become a major issue in nigeria, here are some tips on staying safe. The paper seeks to cast the nigerian civil war of 1967 to 1970 within the mould of a revolution. Mar 03, 2012 breaking up nigeria is not the answer to its civil unrest. One is the gambia, where new president adama barrow has said he supports including a twoterm cap in the new constitution. Ending unrest in the niger delta crisis group africa report n5, 5 december 2007 page ii 2. The root cause of violence and civil unrest in africa. In the far north region, despite the civil unrest that spread from neighbouring nigeria since late 2014, the 2019 cereal output is estimated at near. Nigerias delta unrest since january 2006, fighters from a new group, the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend, have fought with government forces, sabotaged oil installations, taken foreign oil workers hostage and carried out two lethal car bombings. The development of datasets on civil war and the statistical study of its determinants have in particular led to several influential studies. The fact that nigeria is one of the leading producers of oil in the world is no longer news, but what is the significance of the oil wealth to the development of the nigerian economy.
The types of unrest observed in nigeria from literature consulted can be categorized into five. A case study of jos north local government area, plateau state suleiman, mohammed saeed department of sociology, federal university, gashua, yobe state abstract the citizens of nigeria have experienced different kinds of civil unrest which threaten the cooperate existence of the country. Overview of the civil litigation in nigeria empower. Sociocultural drivers of conflict, instability and resilience. Press the nigerian government to institute resourcecontrol reforms and negotiate in good faith with. At least 1,200 people died and nearly 200,000 were displaced in the. The nrcs collaborated with unicef to carry out a joint assessment in the affected communities. In achieving this aim, the paper necessarily explores the theory of revolution and at the same time. Its focus is to provide orderly and possibly expeditious methods for citizens to assert and defend their claims in court. Nigeria has historically experienced much ethnic conflict. This is a timeline of nigerian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in nigeria and its predecessor states. Brown, us department of state csc 1999 preface there is a wide array of information available on the performance of the economic community of west african states ecowas and its military arm, the economic community of. Christianity is the majority religion in southern nigeria. Congoplateaugeneralplateau%20state%20of%20the%20art.
The most prominent were the kano riot of 1953, the census crisis of 1962, the federal election crisis of 1964 and. Nigerias delta unrest crisis group africa report n115, 3 august 2006 page iii to the u. What do you do if you wake up to civil unrest in your state. Civil unrest, or civil disorder, is a breakdown of normal society that leads to riots, violence, or other sorts of disorder, and is often ultimately suppressed by armed government. Nigeria to witness more unrest, hardship in next five years. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Nigeria to witness more unrest, hardship in next five. Nigeria is located in west africa and shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. Once a breadbasket, nigeria has witnessed a severe deterioration of its agricultural sector. Numerous incidents of such violence have resulted in the wanton loss of lives and property, inflicted pain and suffering on individual. Jan 28, 2014 like the rest of africa, the west africa subregion is neither immune to the poverty canker nor ignorant of its impact on their fragile peace and stability.
Central district area, abuja, nigeria us state dept travel advisory the us department of state currently warns us citizens to reconsider travel to nigeria due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, and maritime crime, which includes kidnappings, hijackings, boardings. Nigeria has a population of about 170 million, by far the most populous nation in africa. Civil unrest mdrng019 24 december 2014 0 50 100 km i. Nigerias epicentre of unrest over land and resources. For instance, in the sierra leonean war, it was identified that bad governance, corruption and poverty were the root causes of the conflict fithen 1999. However, as a means of managing civil unrest in nigeria, the government, nongovernmental organizations, faith based organizations and traditional institutions alike have always tried to put in place civil unrest control mechanisms to address and manage civil unrest whenever necessary. Do not spread unverified news if you are not sure that the information. Nearly 40% of countries around the world will face civil unrest in 2020 with flashpoints predicted in 75 nations, study warns. The nrcs provided assistance to persons affected by civil unrest that followed the 16 april 2011 presidential election in nigeria. Civil unrest might also have contributed to the adoption of populist policy measures which work in the shortrun, but impede poverty alleviation efforts.
Violent protests were recorded mostly in the northern part of nigeria where some of the main presidential contenders originate from. While this unrest has its roots in poverty and economic competition, its economic and human damages further escalate the problems of poverty such as increasing the. Beyond the literal boko haram emmanuel osewe akubor abstract since independence with specific reference to the 1980s, many parts of northern nigeria have continually experienced series of crises, with most described as religious in nature. Relief emergency fund dref to support the nigeria red cross. In fact, no decade of postindependent nigeria has been conflict free. Nigeria s presidential election conducted on 16 april 2011 turned violent as a result of the results that started coming out on 17 april, 2011. The nigerian civil war miamidade county public schools.
Prior to the civil war, nigeria had witnessed series of political crises. Mar 27, 2017 causes of civil unrest as listed by rev. The political unrest during the mid1960s culminated into nigerias first military coup detat. Despite abundant oil wealth in the niger delta region in southeast nigeria, residents lack basic services including electricity, piped water, health clinics and schools. Analyze the major events that took place outside nigeria during the civil war and how it changed the way nigerian leaders conduct external relations. Alexandre marc, chief specialist, fragility, conflict and. On 15 january 1966, major chukwuma kaduna nzeogwu and his fellow rebel soldiers most of who were of southern extraction and were led by major emmanuel ifeajuna of the nigerian army, executed a bloody takeover of all institutions of government. For over a decade, nigerias delta region has been the site of civil violence. Since independence many nations have struggled with undemocratic governments famous. Nigerias history would not be complete if you do not write about the nigerian civil war that occurred from 1967 to 1970. Nigeria experiences civil unrest, violence and strikes. The region has seen decades of unrest stemming mostly from local militants uprisings over what they call neglect of the moneymaking regi. Alexandre marc, chief specialist, fragility, conflict and violence world bank group. It can be an organized action or a spontaneous reaction to some type of trigger event, such as those described above.